Synthesis and characterization of green phenolic resin with olive oil mill wastewater

Abstract Olive oil mill wastewater (OMW), a by-product of the olive industry, each year is generated millions tons all over Mediterranean countries. Uncontrolled disposal OMW leads to massive environmental problems including soil and water pollution. In this experimental study, was used partly replace clean for getting prepared formaldehyde solution. Then, phenol solutions were synthesized under alkali conditions obtain more green phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin. The effect substitution level on chemical thermal properties PF resin examined by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectral thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis, respectively. Moreover, bonding strength evaluated dry wet conditions. It found that FT-IR measurements showed containing various amounts had structure very similar analysis demonstrated low‐molecular‐weight organics in negatively affected stability modified resins. addition, wood samples bonded with up 30 wt% met minimum requirements interior exterior performance according standard EN 12765. could be replaced production phenolic